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Several key points and measures affecting the quality of aluminum doors and windows
The aluminum alloy door and window industry has broad development prospects in China, and the market demand is extremely large. Aluminum alloy doors and windows are widely used in outdoor and indoor spaces of public buildings and civil buildings due to their high strength, rich surface treatment, high processing precision and outstanding performance. In the door and window products market, aluminum door and window products account for The largest proportion is 55%; followed by plastic doors and windows, accounting for 35%; steel doors and windows products have a 6% share; other materials account for the remaining 4%. Aluminum alloy doors and windows occupy the largest market share. But the same is the aluminum alloy doors and windows, their quality and price are also very different, what is the reason for such a big difference? Let me take you into the world of aluminum alloy doors and windows today. Let's take a look at some of the main factors that affect the performance and price differences of aluminum alloy doors and windows.
1. Selection of materials
1.11 The current standard of aluminum alloy doors and windows profiles "Aluminum alloy building profiles" GB/T5237-2008, its alloy grades, supply state, chemical composition, mechanical properties, dimensional tolerances should comply with the current national standards "Aluminum alloy building profiles Part 1: According to the provisions of the 5237.1, the allowable deviation of the cross-sectional dimensions of the profile can be selected from the ordinary grade. If there is a matching requirement, the high-precision or ultra-high precision should be used. Among them, the materials are currently used for doors and windows: 6063T5 and 6061T6. Mainly used in Europe: 6060T6
1.1.2 Wall thickness: The aluminum doors and windows for engineering shall be implemented according to "Aluminum alloy doors and windows" GB/T8478-2008. The wall thickness of the main profile used for the main force bars such as the outer door and window frame, fan and frame shall be determined or tested. The main profile of the main profile is the minimum measured wall thickness. The outer door and window should not be less than 2.0mm, and the outer window should not be lower than 1.4mm. The profile that needs to be elastically assembled, such as bead, gland, gusset, etc., is generally 0.8-1.2mm. between. When the dimensional deviation is detected, the number of profiles per batch is 1%, not less than 10.
1.1.3 Surface treatment:
The surface treatment of aluminum profiles should comply with the current national standards "Aluminum alloy building profiles Part 2: Anodized profiles" GB5237.2 "Aluminum alloy building profiles Part 3: Electrophoretic painting profiles" GB5237.3 "Aluminum alloy building profiles Part 4 : Powder coating profiles GB5237.4 "Aluminum alloy building profiles Part 5: Fluorocarbon paint spray profiles" GB5237.5 provisions should also meet the following requirements:
1 Anodized profile: The thickness of the anodized film of doors and windows should meet the requirements of AA15 in general climatic conditions. The average thickness of oxide film should not be less than 15μm, the local film thickness should not be less than 12μm; the thickness of anodized film of windows and doors in harsh outdoor environment Should meet the AA20 requirements. Anodized film has the characteristics of corrosion resistance, decoration, electrical insulation, high hardness, transparency and wear resistance, and is one of the ideal surface treatments for aluminum doors and windows.
2 Electrophoretic paint profile: It is electrophoretic paint after anodization, and its main component is acrylic resin. It was first adopted in Japan in the 1960s. Its weather resistance is superior to that of an anodized film. The surface paint film shall adopt the transparent paint to meet the requirements of Grade B. The partial thickness of the composite film shall not be less than 16μm. The surface paint film shall adopt the colored paint to meet the S grade requirements. The partial thickness of the composite film shall not be less than 21μm; the decorative surface shall not allow bubbles, The decorative surface allows for the presence of bubbles of less than 2 mm in diameter, with no more than three.
3 powder coating profile: powder is not sprayed by electrostatic spraying, the metal guide ring on the spray gun head is connected to the high voltage negative pole, the aluminum profile is grounded to form the negative pole, when the compressed air is not sent from the powder supply tank to the spray gun through the delivery pipe In the case of the diversion ring, the negative electrode generates an electric field discharge, but the powder is not charged with a negative charge. Under the use of electrostatic force, the powder does not fly from the muzzle to the aluminum profile and is uniformly adsorbed on the surface, and the heated powder is not melted and leveled and solidified. A uniform coating. The local thickness of the coating is controlled from 40 μm to 120 μm, and the minimum local thickness of the coating on the decorative surface should be greater than 40 μm.
4 fluorocarbon paint spray profile: based on polyvinylidene fluoride resin (PVDF), metal powder is synthesized with metallic luster. It is an electrostatic liquid phase spray, generally divided into two coats, three coats, and four coats. The two-coat fluorocarbon paint film has better corrosion resistance than the powder is not sprayed. It is a surface treatment of high-grade aluminum, and generally uses a building peripheral structure such as a curtain wall. The average paint film thickness of the decorative surface should not be less than 30μm; for the three-coat fluorocarbon paint film, the average paint film thickness of the decorative surface should not be less than 40μm.
2 Hardware selection
Doors and windows are a system that combines materials, hardware, glass, seals and other materials through specialized processing equipment, in accordance with strict design and manufacturing process requirements. Hardware accessories are frames and fans that connect doors and windows. They are important components for realizing the functions of doors and windows and ensuring the performance of doors and windows. The hardware of doors and windows is divided according to the opening function: external flat open window hardware, inner flat or inner flat open hanging hardware, sliding door and window hardware, swing door hardware, folding door and window hardware, middle hanging window and other hardware. In the "Aluminum Alloy Doors and Windows" GB/T8478-2008, the requirements for hardware mainly include: opening and closing force, repeated opening and closing performance, etc. The door and window should be able to open flexibly under the action of opening and closing force of no more than 50N. And off. The number of repeated opening and closing of the door should not be less than 100,000 times, and the window should be no less than 10,000 times. The door is opened and closed 30 times a day, and the window is opened and closed three times a day, using 10 years of calculation. For the doors and windows of different construction buildings of specific projects, the total number of repeated opening and closing times can be reasonably determined according to their higher frequency of use or age.
2.1 Hardware selection of aluminum alloy doors and windows:
Aluminum alloy door and window hardware generally consists of: control part, locking part, load-bearing part, auxiliary part, which complement each other and are indispensable.
1. The hardware for sliding doors and windows mainly includes: pulleys, single-point lockers, multi-point lockers, and transmission mechanism handles.
1.1. Selection of pulleys
The configuration and quality of sliding doors and windows directly affect the physical properties such as wind pressure resistance and airtight performance of doors and windows, and also affect the safety and service life of doors and windows.
The pulleys have different load-bearing levels due to different material and structural designs. It should be selected according to the size and structure of the profile and the weight of the sash. 1. The outer surfaces of the pulleys are: polycarbonate, nylon, and metal (copper, aluminum, etc.). 2. There are two kinds of pulley bearings: bushing and ball. The bushing type manufacturing process is relatively simple, and the bearing is heavy, but the sliding is not very flexible. The ball type is mostly used on the door, and the sliding is flexible, the noise is small, and the bearing is heavy. 3. The sliding wheel is divided into single wheel and double wheel, and there are adjustable and non-adjustable points. The adjustable wheel adjusts the overlap of the frame fan by adjusting the height of the wheel frame. The two wheels can automatically adjust the balance, and the force is even, and is used on the door and the heavier window type.
4. Load capacity: The weight of a single wheel with good quality is 35kg, and the average is about 20kg. The two-wheel general load capacity is 50-80kg, preferably 100kg. The load-bearing capacity is calculated by 2 pulleys.
The selection of the pulley is determined according to the weight of the door sash and the installation space of the aluminum profile and the bearing capacity of the pulley. The weight calculation of the door and window sash: (glass weight + profile weight) x safety factor 1.3. The thicker the core, the larger the bearing weight, the better the double wheel is than the single wheel.
1.2 Moon lock, single point lock and multi-point lock selection
The crescent lock is mainly installed on the fan shackle (hook enterprise) of the sliding door and window. The crescent lock and the lock hook should be selected according to the structure and width of the sash hook.
Single-point locker: that is, the bar lock, installed on the light and side seals of the sliding window, and selects the bar lock and the lock seat according to the structure and width of the light enterprise and the edge seal.
The multi-point lock is installed on the light enterprise and the side seal, and the multi-point locker and the lock seat should be selected according to the light enterprise and the edge seal structure and width. It can be equipped with a square-axis handle and a lock-type multi-point lock. It can also be equipped with a fork-type handle and a pin-type multi-point lock.
2. The hardware selection of the casement window:
Because the door and window hardware configuration is more selective, it will not be described in detail here. This article mainly describes the control part, the locking part, the bearing part and the auxiliary part of the hardware for the swing door and window.
2.1 Control Part: Handle: Mainly the appearance and color, the architectural style should be consistent. According to the opening method, the inner opening or the outer opening is selected, and it is noted whether the left and right are universal. According to the section of the profile, select the length of the handle fork and the screw. The length of the fork should not exceed 60mm.
2.2 drive lock:
The transmission locker is a device that performs a multi-point opening and closing function on the door and window by rotating the handle. The size of the transmission locker should be reasonably matched with the height dimension of the sash. To meet the requirements of center-to-center thickness and joint strength.
The choice of lock points and lock blocks is an important factor in ensuring the physical performance of doors and windows. It should be determined according to the design opening specifications and the ability of the lock points. The calculation formula of the lock point: n≥F/fa=Wk*S/fa
n—The number of lock points.
F—The concentration of the fan is turned on.
Fa—The allowable shear force to be applied to a single lock point: generally 800N.
Wk - standard value of wind load.
S—open fan area:
Under normal circumstances, the window frame is 1200mm or less and has 2 lock points.
2.3 Bearing part:
1. Hinge: It is a device that connects the frame and the fan to realize the opening and closing of the door and window. Mainly used for swinging the door and opening the window. Through the reasonable cooperation of the hardware and the profile, after the firm installation strength is ensured, it is selected according to the weight of the sash.
When selecting, you should pay attention to: when the fan width /height ratio is flat , when the window sash is not more than 90kg, it should be no more than 0.6;
When the window sash is larger than 90kg, it should be greater than 0.39.
3. Sliding support: It is a kind of device that supports the sash to realize opening and closing and positioning, and is mainly used for the casement window and the upper suspension window. According to the structure, the fulcrum and the double fulcrum are divided. The sliding support for the casement window is selected according to the window height and the weight of the window sash on the basis of satisfying the installation requirements of the hardware. The length of the selected sliding bracket should be 1/3---2/3 of the width of the sash.
4. Aluminum alloy doors and windows performance:
A good aluminum all-gold door and window should meet the requirements of "Aluminum Alloy Doors and Windows" GB/T8487-2008 and "Aluminum Door and Window Engineering Technical Specifications" JGJ214-20010, and also meet the requirements of doors and windows in the region. The performance of aluminum doors and windows mainly include: six properties such as wind pressure resistance, water tightness, airtightness, air insulation performance, thermal insulation performance, shading performance and lighting performance. This paper mainly explains the watertight performance and thermal insulation performance of aluminum alloy doors and windows.
1. The leakage of aluminum doors and windows is quite common, which is a difficult problem in the industry. It is related to structural design, window design, processing technology, processing equipment, assembly, installation, site management, personnel quality, component quality and so on. Door and window waterproofing is a systematic project. It is necessary to comprehensively consider and rationally design and process the construction process. It has certain requirements on the quality of the sealant and strip used, otherwise it will be difficult to solve.
The watertight performance of doors and windows should be based on the actual needs of the project, and comprehensive measures such as waterproofing, water retaining and drainage should be adopted for processing and construction. There are two principles to note here, the rain curtain principle and the use of air pressure balance. For the swing door and the fixed door and window, the inlaid groove space of the fixed part of the door and window glass and the fan-frame matching space of the opening part can be designed with the air balance hole and the drain hole. For fixed windows and doors, only sealant or sealant strips should be used to prevent rain from entering. The waterproofing of sliding doors and windows should increase the height of the side flanges of the indoor and outdoor flanges. The general watertight performance wind pressure difference is 10Pa, and the inner flange edge height is 1mm or more.
The waterproof treatment of the installation gap between the door and window frame and the wall of the opening is very important. There should be a flexible connection between the door and the window, and the waterproof structure between the lower frame of the door and the window and the wall of the opening, and the water can be connected with the window frame. board.
2. The insulation performance of aluminum doors and windows is one of the weight indicators for measuring the quality of doors and windows, especially in cold and cold and hot summer and cold winter areas. To improve the insulation performance of doors and windows, it is necessary to start from the aspects of profile, glass, manufacturing and installation process. The following are the following aspects.
The heat-dissipation coefficient of the door and window frame can be effectively reduced by using the heat-dissipating aluminum alloy profile. The K value of the profile without the heat-insulating strip is Kf=5.9w/(m2.K), and the I-type heat insulation strip of 14.8mm is used, Kf=3.45w /(m2.K). According to the general experience: the length of the insulation strip is increased by 5mm, and the Kf can be reduced by about 0.3--0.4/(m2.k).
After filling the foaming agent in the middle of the profile insulation strip, the K value is reduced by about 5-9%, and the glass accounts for 75% of the door and window area. The insulation performance of the door and window is most dependent on the glass Kg value, and the general glass Kg value is:
(1) Ordinary single-piece float glass 5mm single-piece glass, U value is only about 5.8W/m2*K.
(2) Insulating glass: an insulating glass consisting of two float glass through a spacer strip with an air layer with a thermal conductivity of about 0.026 W/m·K in the middle, which greatly reduces the heat conduction through the glass, such as 6+12A. The U value of the hollow glass of +6 is only about 2.8 W/m2*K.
(3) The inert gas is filled in the hollow glass air layer: because the inert gas molecules are large and the fluidity is poor, the heat transfer by the gas convection can be reduced. Generally, argon-filled gas can reduce the glass U value by about 0.2 W/m2*K compared to air.
(4) LOW-E insulating glass: that is, a transparent low-radiation film is plated on one side of the glass of the insulating glass near the air layer side, thereby reducing radiation heat transfer and secondary heat transfer from the high temperature zone to the low temperature zone. The U value of a single LOW-E glass is generally around 3.7 W/m2*K; and after forming an insulating glass with another ordinary float glass, the U value will be between 1.6-2.0 W/m2*K; The performance is better than the double-silver Low-e glass, the heat insulation effect can reach 1.5W/m2*K; then the inert gas can be filled on this basis, which can reach 1.3W/m2*K.
Aluminum alloy doors and windows are an assembly. Through reasonable process and professional equipment, the profiles, hardware, glass, components and other organic materials are combined according to the requirements of standardization to meet the needs of building ventilation and lighting. In order to meet these requirements, it must have basic wind pressure resistance, watertightness and airtightness. With the improvement of people's living standards, higher requirements are imposed on doors and windows, such as sound insulation, heat preservation, shading, and safety. The quality of doors and windows must be sourced. The advanced structural design and high-quality, stable component quality are the foundation. Combining scientific processing technology and well-trained processing and installation workers can ensure the quality of doors and windows. The appearance and opening method of the doors and windows have not changed much, and there is no high-tech content. All of its contents are in the fitting of each component and the rigor of the assembly process.