In the past few years, beeswax has been very popular in the jewellery and jade market, and related news has been frequently reported in newspapers. Recently, some media have revealed that 55 pieces of beeswax necklaces purchased by Mr. Changsha in a jewelry store are all plastic products...

Why is beeswax popular in people in a short time? As a "subset" of amber, why is beeswax listed as a favorite, and even amber seems to be two equals? In terms of identification, what should people rely on? In this regard, industry experts conducted an in-depth analysis.

Market needs alternatives

West wind is gradually affirmed

Talking about the topic of beeswax, several experts interviewed first stated that the composition of beeswax and amber is the same. The domestic is called transparent amber, the opaque is called beeswax. In fact, the birthplace of this amber culture in Europe. There is no beeswax, only the name of amber.

Tan Weibin, director of the Guangdong Provincial Arts and Crafts Museum, said that although there is a saying in the country called "Millennium Amber, Wannian Wax", people think that the petrochemical time of beeswax is longer than amber. In fact, beeswax and amber are conifers. The resin of the plant is behind, buried in the underground for thousands of years of petrochemical formation, so it is also known as "resin fossil" or "rosin fossil", but because the inclusions inside are different, so the state is different. There are three main differences between beeswax and amber: one is color, the beeswax is generally yellow, and amber currently has various colors such as blue, gold, and blood; the second is transparency, and the wax is basically opaque. Amber is more transparent, this is the main difference between the two; the third is the texture, the flow pattern in amber is very thin, need to be illuminated by the violet light to distinguish clearly, the flow pattern of the beeswax is relatively thick, it is easy to see, there are The paste is still irregular, and the texture is like ethereal.

Hou Yiyu, the national registered jewellery jade quality inspector and general manager of Guangdi Jewelry, also said that most of the beeswax and amber in the domestic market are produced in Ukraine. When the wholesalers purchase the piles, they are bought in piles. Separate. There are no special beeswax entries in the national standards. In the market, the consumption of beeswax and amber is not too different, and they are more sought after.

Hou Yuyu told reporters that the consumption boom of amber and beeswax probably started in 2011, and there is a certain market logic. "The people who pay attention to the jewelry market are clear. At that time, the traditional jewels represented by jadeite were so high that they could not climb. The price, like the jade bracelet has completely eliminated '10,000 yuan goods' - 10,000 yuan can not buy a bracelet. And there is a basic law in any commodity in the world, when its price peaks, the market will naturally Look for alternatives."

Then, why should amber and beeswax stand out from the “prepared tires” and get people's approval?

Hou Yuyu believes that in the whole big category of amber, the influence of the west wind is relatively large. Two or three thousand years ago, Europeans had a good impression on amber, calling it "the tears of immortals" and "tears of angels". Poland and Germany all used amber as a national stone. St. Petersburg, Russia even built an amber palace. The Eighth Wonder of the World in the 18th and 20th Centuries. With the expansion of the acceptance of jewellery and jade by the Chinese people, amber, as one of the jewels and jade that has a long history in the West, coincides with the Chinese people's vision.

Beeswax playing cultural signboard

Amber is rare and transparent

Specific to the market, the beeswax is subdivided from amber, and increasingly amber blossoms are closely related to the cultural identity of beeswax.

In recent years, with the revival of traditional culture, Buddhist culture has been widely spread, and the jewels and jade associated with it have also been rising. As one of the seven treasures of Buddhism, beeswax, like corals, southern reds and dragonflies, is naturally favored by people.

Hou Yuyu said that the beeswax referred to in the Seven Treasures of Buddhism is actually a dark amber that looks so dark and gives a feeling of color like honey and texture like wax. Chinese people have always liked this kind of thing with time accumulation and thought it has historical value. And some natural amber, just in itself, is not transparent, and can be connected with the concept of "beeswax", which is conducive to the market to differentiate the stratification, mobilize and stimulate consumer demand. “The subdivision of products is the core of product price difference. For example, Moutai, if there is no vintage, it is a price of nearly 1,000 yuan, but after the concept of vintage wine, although the taste may not be much better, but the value may be It is ten times and twenty times higher. The concept of 'bean wax' has become a 'signboard' in amber because of its cultural content and historical content." Hou Yuyu said that as far as he knows, At present, the price of beeswax is generally about 50% higher than that of amber.

As far as foreign conditions are concerned, since amber wax is not separated, it is generally considered that the more transparent amber is. Of course, the first popular is insects and plant pelts containing intact animal and plant inclusions. These are rare and scientifically valuable, so the price is high. Secondly, the Dominican blue lop, the Burmese blood pu, etc., which are rare in color; It is to see the scent of the fragrance. "Because amber itself is turpentine, it will have a volatile scent, but there is a difference in the type and color of each scent. In the past, the color was close to the gray-gray white pe, because it was neither transparent nor Bright, is considered to be a very bad material, sold very cheap, but now because of its strong fragrance, the price is also very high. When the market segmentation, people pay more attention to the characteristics." Hou Yuyu said.

Tan Weibin also said that from the perspective of texture, structure and appreciation, he personally prefers amber. Because the structure of amber is more delicate, the color is varied and the depth is different. Moreover, like insects, it is a witness of nature, which can bring endless space for imagination.

Flow pattern is the identification index

Coba resin handcuffs sticky

With the popularity of beeswax and amber, counterfeit goods are naturally on the scene.

Li Ji, a national registered jewellery jade quality inspector, told reporters that no matter whether it is beeswax or amber, it is not a small number of products, such as plastic products, coating or remelting, and Coba resin. Therefore, in general identification, it is more certain to use the instrument, infrared spectroscopy, etc. to confirm the components and then distinguish them with the naked eye. Because fakes such as plastic and polyester are easy to see on the machine, but like coating and re-solidification, they often need to be identified by the naked eye. "The so-called coating is to coat a layer of amber or beeswax on the outside of the resin; the so-called remelting is to melt some fine, inferior beeswax or amber at a temperature of two or three hundred degrees Celsius, and then condense into crystals. These two types of scientific identification are indistinguishable," he said.

In this regard, Tan Weibin believes that the structure determines the authenticity. After melting the amber and beeswax, the original structure is destroyed. It is impossible to re-solidify the natural texture when the resin flows down. Therefore, as long as the purple light is used, there is no flowing pattern to know that it is natural. Still recreated. In addition, some animal inclusions are as good as specimens, and they are absolutely fake.

Hou Yuyu also pointed out that some high imitation beeswax are mainly "disguised" from the aspect of inclusions. Some ambers that are not too good in quality are boiled in water. The surface is surrounded by moisture and air to form bubbles, which are wrapped in the original transparent material, so it looks like beeswax. In addition, because honey wax, yellow honey, whole honey and the like are more sought after, some unscrupulous merchants will use brown, color amber, to accelerate the oxidation reaction through a certain temperature of barbecue, to produce aging effect.

As for the dividing line between Coba resin and amber, Hou Yuyu said that academic circles are still controversial so far. "It is generally believed that Coba resin is not enough for petrochemical years. Because amber itself is turpentine under the ground for tens of millions of years. The petrochemical action reduces the volatile matter in the organic compound and ages at a certain temperature and pressure, and becomes relatively stable. However, if the petrochemical time is insufficient, the volatile matter will not be completely completed, and its properties will be affected. The general Coba resin is rubbed with alcohol, even without alcohol, just rubbing it hard, the surface will soon become sticky, this will not reach the standard of amber, it can be described as 'unfamiliar'. But due to different places The petrochemical effect of the soil layer on the resin is different. Even if the burial year is the same, the petrochemical effect will be different. Therefore, the amber nature of each production area is difficult to generalize."

Organic compounds to be cared for

As the price of the collection is insufficient

It is precisely because amber and beeswax are organic compounds. Although after ten thousand years of petrochemical action, it is still very easy to be "injured", and the short board is more obvious:

First, afraid of high temperature, 250 ° C to 280 ° C can be completely melted, if you take a hot needle, you can point a small hole in the beeswax, amber, so you can not get close to the heat-producing objects such as light bulbs;

Second, fear of alcohol, many of the cleansing agents in our daily life contain alcohol, which is easy to soften;

Third, it can't be cleaned by ultrasonic waves. When it comes to this kind of vibration, it will be broken and it will be far away from the microwave oven, otherwise the inclusions inside may explode;

Fourth, the nature is brittle, easy to crack, can not be bumped, can not be placed in the key bag;

Five, easy to lose water. In general compounds, there are structural water and combined water, and the structural water is relatively stable. When the temperature of the combined water is high, it is easily released. Amber contains exactly the combined water. Once it loses water, it will become cloudy or even crack.

Hou Yuyu gave an example of “touching porcelain” in a jewelry store, and it can be seen how amber is “sweet”: “One of my friends opened a jade shop. One day, several customers came and picked and picked. For a long time, although I didn’t decide what to buy at the end, I asked the clerk to help them bring the amber pendant to the rope. Since the clerk felt that the gang was a potential customer, he agreed. The result was that the hole in the amber pendant was very thin, one was not Be careful that the hole was pierced, and the gang began to ask for price, extortion..."

Therefore, amber and beeswax can be used as decorations to bring beauty to people, but they also need to be taken care of. If they are collected, they are more restricted. “Traditional collection-grade jewellery has four indispensable elements: beauty, scarcity, durability, and cultural identity. Due to poor durability, amber and beeswax are a bit like 'three-legged stools', which lacks an important support, so they preserve and appreciate. The space is not big, and the price may not rise too high. It will definitely be different from the traditional high-end gemstones, diamonds, emeralds, etc. We all know that amber and beeswax are priced in grams, even now For the expensive two thousand yuan and one gram, one carat is also four hundred yuan. For red sapphires, don’t say one carat four hundred, that is, four thousand yuan, which is extremely low. The diamond must reach tens of thousands of dollars. Above, therefore, like Christie's, Sotheby's, and domestic large-scale auctions such as Poly, Guardian, and Bohai, I have not seen any auctions in this regard." Hou Yuyu said.

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