First, the concept of colored gemstones Colored gemstones, also known as colored gemstones, formerly known as Colored Gemstone or Colored Stone, are the general term for all colored gemstones except diamonds in the gem family. A colored gem is not a gem, but a type of gem composed of dozens or even hundreds of gemstones. In addition to the star effect, only translucent or transparent and colorful corundum can be called a gem. But for the sake of simplicity, it is directly called pink gems, yellow gems, orange gems, sapphire (light green) or purple gems, collectively called colored gems, different colors, can be the best match with clothing. In fact, colored gems cover all the colors of nature, whether it is the midnight sky, the forest after the rain, or the deep sea or even the blazing fireworks. All the colors can be found in the colored gems. There are only three kinds of sapphire, tourmaline and garnet. Each jewel has more than 10 colors, while variegated and opal can appear in several colors on a jewel, and the color will be produced at different angles. Variety. Colored gems often represent the purest and most beautiful things in nature. Sapphire has the colors of the sky and the sea. Rubies have the color of blood and flame. Emerald has the color of the forest. When you wear these colored gems, nature is also concentrated. Your fingertips. Unlike diamond telemetry, satellite gemstone production is irregular and unpredictable. Therefore, although people generally know which country and region the colored gemstone may exist, no one can accurately draw the distribution map of colored gemstones, and it is difficult to make a reliable evaluation of the possible recovery rate of the discovered deposits. And most of the colored gem deposits are very small, many are located in remote, inaccessible areas (such as mountains or virgin forests at several kilometers above sea level), and the combination of various objective factors makes large and highly mechanized ways of mining such The deposit is not economically economical. Thus, many gemstone deposits are mined by a single miner or a small group of miners using simple methods and equipment. On the one hand, the reserves found are scarce, on the other hand it is difficult to mine, which leads us to see far fewer colored stones in the market today than diamonds, and the value of truly high-quality colored stones can exceed that of diamonds. Second, the distribution of colored gemstones 1. Myanmar At present, Myanmar has discovered and utilized more than 50 varieties of gemstone resources, including jade, ruby, sapphire, spinel, sea pearl, tourmaline, aquamarine, stellite, moonstone, olivine, garnet. Diopside, sillimanite, cordierite, emerald, topaz, amethyst, colorless crystal, albite jade (commonly known as "glass variety jade" "water foam"), siliceous jade (commonly known as "tumbler" ), amber, silicified wood (commonly known as "tree jade") and serpentine jade. Myanmar is the only producer of quality jade in the world. Jadeite is rich in reserves and has a large output, ranking first in the world. The quality of Burmese rubies is the best in the world and the most productive. Sapphire is very famous in the world and is very popular. The quality of gemstones such as red stellite cat's eye, pan-blue moonstone (commonly known as "blue flash"), red spinel and diopside cat's eye is second to none in the world. Amber has also been famous in history. In the past 20 years, new mines of rubies and jade have been discovered in northern Myanmar. Diamonds have been found in the central and southern parts, and the mined diamonds have entered the jewelry market. Myanmar's rich gemstone resources are determined by its geological structure, complex and diverse terrain. It can be seen from the tectonic map of Myanmar that the suture line between the Eurasian plate and the Indian plate divides the Burma country into two halves from the north to the south, and the gemstones are distributed on both sides of the suture. The special geological effects produced by the collision of the two plates formed a favorable gemstone ore-forming environment, which enabled Myanmar to produce colorful gemstones. In recent decades, the discovery of the Burma jade deposit in Myanmar proves that Myanmar is a country rich in gemstone resources. In addition to the discovered deposits, it has great potential. Now, every few years, important treasures can be discovered. Jade resources. The jadeite mines have been increasing and scattered, and many new varieties of jade such as Tielongsheng and Sodium Feldspar have been discovered. More than 10 years ago, the discovery and mining of the Monjuku ruby ​​in Myanmar shook the international gem world. In recent years, Nanyaseik in the Myitkyina region of northern Myanmar has discovered an important ruby ​​deposit that is comparable in quality and yield to the ruby ​​ruby. 2. Brazil Brazil is the world's largest producer of gemstones, with the highest variety and number in the world. The country's colored gemstone production accounts for around 65% of worldwide production. The produced gemstones are large and high quality, such as: amethyst, citrine, tourmaline, topaz, sea sapphire, emerald and so on. According to the book "Gem" by British gemologist Kali Hall, among the 12 most famous gems in the world, there are 8 of them in Brazil. In particular, 90% of the world's aquamarine is produced in Brazil, and its quality is excellent. It shows 35 kinds of blue from shallow to deep. Emperor Topaz is one of the finest and rarest gemstones in the world. It is now only produced in a mining area in Minas, Brazil. Its luster can be compared with diamonds, so it is known as the Brazilian diamond. The country also produces a mysterious Paraiba tourmaline with electric light, which is glamorous in color and can cost tens of thousands of dollars per carat, still far from meeting market demand. Brazil's gem processing industry is also very developed. In the southeast of the capital Brasilia, there is a small town called Cristina. 70% of the gems in Brazil are distributed in Christina. There are more than 100 gem shops and jewels and workshops in the city. Gem design, cutting and inlays are carried out locally, at a low price. 70% of the gems in Brazil flow from Christina to the world. 3. Sri Lanka Sri Lanka is rich in gems and is famous in the world! The gems produced in Sri Lanka are: sapphire, ruby, gold emerald, moonstone, sea sapphire, garnet, etc. Almost all the high and middle grade colored gemstones are produced in Sri Lanka, and the quality is very good, so it is Known as the "Gem Island". Sri Lankans like to say this: "We are all gems everywhere." Indeed, Sri Lanka is known as the "land of gems". In addition to the gem mines in the Jaffna peninsula in the north, Sri Lanka has a rich gemstone resource in the mountains, river valleys, plains and hills all over the country. Of the approximately 60 gemstones known worldwide, there are about 40. The world's largest star sapphire, the "Indian Star" weighing 563.35 carats, is produced here. In the Sinhalese language of Sri Lanka, Ratnapura means "the city of gems". It is not only rich in precious stones such as rubies, sapphires, alexandrites, cat eyes, but also a gemstone distribution center throughout Sri Lanka. Geologists believe that when Sri Lanka emerged from the sea into a few kilometers high islands billions of years ago, a variety of minerals formed gem crystals during the cooling process, which were contained in hard granite. As the years passed, the granite that hides the gemstone crystals was eroded into small pieces that were brought down by the rain to form part of the ancient riverbed. Ratnapurer is located right on the ancient river bed, which is an important reason for its gemstones. Due to the abundant underground gemstones, the Sri Lankan government has enacted various regulations on gem mining in order to prevent indiscriminate mining. No one can dig a pit to mine a gemstone. It is necessary to dig before applying to the relevant department for a permit. Otherwise, it is considered illegal to excavate the gemstone and is subject to punishment. In Sri Lanka, the number of people engaged in the jewelry industry is about one-tenth of the country's total population. 4. Madagascar Madagascar is one of the most jewel-rich countries in the world. So far, more than forty gemstone mines have been discovered, so the Ma people called their islands a treasure island. Almost all of the colored gemstones found on Madagascar have at least 30 varieties on the market: emeralds, rubies, sapphires, gold emeralds, aquamarine, beryl, beryl, and various tourmalines. Quartz gemstones, garnet gemstones, feldspar gemstones, apatite, cordierite, vermiculite, topaz, zircon, opal, etc. Located in the South Indian Ocean, Madagascar is the fourth largest island in the world, facing the southeastern part of the African continent. According to the theory of continental drift, in the ancient times, the two islands of Madagascar and Sri Lanka were connected and belonged to the ancient continent of Gondwana. The geological ages and characteristics are also very close, which may be why both islands are rich in high-quality gemstones. s reason. “Sanjie Street†is the largest gem market in Antananarivo. There are nearly one hundred booths, and the booths are closely connected. The stall owner puts a variety of red sapphires and semi-precious stones in a glass box, which is beautiful and beautiful. 5. China China's Shandong has sapphire produced, the real estate sapphire is known for its large particle size and crystal integrity. The Altay region of Xinjiang is the region with the richest production of gemstones in China. The highest quality sea sapphire and tourmaline in China are produced here. Topaz, garnet, apatite and golden beryl are produced. It is also the best business in China. Grade emerald origin, but the current production is not large. 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